World History 9
Objectives

Chapter 1 Geography and History
1. Describe how the five themes of geography help explain what a
place is like.
2. Explain how landforms, waterways, and climate have shaped
history.
3. Describe how natural resources have shaped history.
4. Analyze the importance of legends in the study of history.
5. summarize how archaeology helps scientists learn about ancient
civilizations.

Chapter 2 Prehistoric People
1. How tools, language, clothing, and the discovery of fire helped
early people advance.
2. What Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons were like.
3. How people changed from food-gatherers to food-producers.
4. Why specialization, government, and religion were important in
Neolithic societies.

Chapter 3 Mesopotamia
1. Describe how religion, family life, and government influenced
Sumerian civilization.
2. Explain why Hammurabi and his reforms wre important.
3. Describe how the Mesopotamian civilization contributed to
other civilizations.

Chapter 4 Egypt
1. Analyze why the Nile River was so important to the growth of
Egypt.
2. Discuss how pharaohs, pyramids, and religious beliefs influenced
the Old Kingdom.
3. Describe what happened durin Egypt's Middle Kingdom.
4. Explain why Egyptian civilization grew and then declined during
the New Kingdom.
5. Summarize what the Egyptians contributed to other civilizations.

Chapter 5 Eastern River Valleys
1. Discuss how the Indus River valley civilization developed.
Summarize what has been learned from the ruins of the cities
of Hrappa and Mohenjo-daro.
2. Explain how religion influenced the Shang dynasty. Analyze why
the Shang dynasty declined.

Chapter 6 The Phoenicians and the Hebrews
1. Discuss the Phoenicians and their role in the growth of
Mediterranean commerce and the development of the alphabet.
2. Summarize the Hebrews and their development of new ideas,
such as the belief in one god and social justice.

Chapter 7 Military Empires
1. Discuss how the Assyrian civilization rose in Mesopotamia and
expanded int neighboring lands.
2. Summrize the Chaldeans and their methods of ruling and
increasing trade.
3. Explain how Persian ideas spread through the forging of large
empires, and how their social and religious life helped create
a stable society.

Chapter 8 Africa and the Americas
1. Discuss how the ancient African civiliztions of Kush and Aksum
passed along elements of their culture.
2. Identify how West African kingdoms grew and developed.
3. Summarize how East African civilizations developed as trading
regions.
4. Explain why bands of people crossed into the Americas from Asia.
5. Describe the kinds of civilizations that developed in Mesoamerica.
6. Characterize what life was like for the Incas of South America.

Chapter 9 Beginnings
1. Discuss the way of life of the Minoans and how geography
influenced the early peoples who lived on Crete and the
Balkan Peninsula.
2. Summarize the way of life of the Mycenaeans and how the Dark
Age affected the Aegean world.

Chapter 10 The City-States
1. Explain why the polis was the geographic and political center
of Greek life.
2. Describe life in Sparta.
3. Discuss life in Athens, summarize how the Persian War affected
Greece, and describe how Athens controlled other city-states.
4. Explain why Athens and the other Greek city-states declined.

Chapter 11 Cultural Contributions of the Greeks
1. Describe how the Greeks honored their gods and goddesses and
summarize what contributions were made in athletics and
the arts during the golden age of Greek culture.
2. Discuss how Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and other Greek thinkers
influenced the development of western civilization.

Chapter 12 The Hellenistic Period
1. Summarize how the spread of Greek culture influenced people
from Gibraltar to India and explain how Philip II of
Macedonia gained control of Greece.
2. Discuss how Alexander attempted to bring unity to his empire and
describe how Alexander's empire changed after his death.

Chapter 13 Beginnings
1. Describe how Rome was founded.
2. Describe what daily life was like for the Etruscans and identify
their religious beliefs.
3. Identify how the Etruscans contributed to Roman civilization.

Chapter 14 The Roman Republic
1. Describe how the government of the Roman Republic was formed.
2. Explain how the Roman Republic was able to expand and protect
its territory.
3. Describe the Punic Wars and their effect on the Roman Republic.
4. Discuss how the effects of conquest changed the Roman economy
and government.
5. Analyze how reformers and generals attempted to save the
Roman Republic.

Chapter 15 The Roman Empire
1. Explain how Augustus ruled the Roman Empire.
2. Analyze what happened to trade and law during the Pax Romana.
3. Describe what daily life was like during the Pax Romana.
4. Summarize why the Roman Empire declined and what attempts
were made to save the empire from collapse.

Chapter 16 Chrisianity
1. Explain how Jesus' life and teachings formed the basis of
Chritianity.
2. Summarize how Chritianity spread throughout the Roman Empire.
3. Explain how the early Christian church was organized and what
relationship existed between Christianity and Roman society
before and after the time of Constantine I.

Chapter 17 The Germans
1. Characterize family life in German villages and analyze Germans'
love of battle and how their laws influenced their lives.
2. Discuss what role the Goths and the Vandals played in the decline
of the Roman Empire, and describe what replaced the Roman
Empire in the West.

Chapter 18 The Franks
1. Explain how Clovis united the Franks and brought them
Christianity.
2. Describe how Charles Martel's defeat of the Arabs kept western
Europe Christian.
3. Discuss how Charlemagne brought all of western Europe under
his rule, what daily life was like in Charlemagne's empire,
and why Charlemagne's empire collapsed.

Chapter 19 The Irish and the Anglo-Saxons
1. Discuss Rome's influence on the area known today as the British
Isles and what life was like in Celtic Ireland.
2. Explain how Christianity developed in Ireland and England and why
the Anglo-Saxons united under Alfred the Great.

Chapter 20 The Vikings
1. Describe the effects of climate and environment in the
development of the Vikings as seafaring people.
2. Summarize the daily life and culture of the Vikings in their
towns and villages.
3. Explain the extent of Viking influence in shaping the cultures
of England, France, Russia, and lands in the North Atlantic.

Chapter 21 The Byzantine Empire
1. Explain why the Byzantine Empire survived and prospered for
1,000 years.
2. Discuss why Constantinople was important to the empire.
3. Analyze what the practices of the Eastern Orthodox Church were
and what role they played in the Byzantine Empire.
4. Summarize what helped bring about the decline of the
Byzantine Empire.

Chapter 22 The Spread of Islam
1. Explain how Islam developed around the teachings of
Muhammad and the religious beliefs held by Muslims.
2. Describe how Islam spread beyond the Arabian Peninsula
and what Islamic life was like.
3. Discuss what the Arab Empire contributed to science,
mathematics, medicine, and the arts.

Chapter 23 The Eastern Slavs
1. Describe what life and economic development was like for the
earliest Eastern Slavs.
2. Summarize how early Rus states developed around Kiev.
3. Analyze how the Mongol invasion influenced internal developments
and foreign relations of Rus states.
4. Discuss how Moscow became powerful and how the czars affected
life in Rus states.

Chapter 24 Feudal Society
1. Explain why feudalism developed in western Europe.
2. Describe what roles were played by lords and vassals.
3. Discuss what a knight's duties were.
4. Characterize what life ws like on a manor.

Chapter 25 The Church
1. Discuss how the Roman Catholic Church influenced like during the
Middle Ages.
2. Summarize what attempts were made to reform the Church during
the Middle Ages.
3. Describe what learning was like during the Middle Ages.
4. Explain why the Crusades took place during the Middle Ages and
what the effects of the Crusades were.

Chapter 26 Rise of Trade and Towns
1. Analyze how the growth of trade led to the rise of towns in
the Middle Ages.
2. Summarize how merchants became an important part of European
life.
3. Describe what living conditions were like in medieval towns.
4. Explain why guilds were later opposed.
5. Summarize what cultural changes took place in Europe during
the 1400s.

Chapter 27 Rise of Monarchies
1. Describe how the Capetian kings strengthened the French
monarchy.
2. Discuss what changes took place in the English monarchy
during the Middle Ages.
3. Analyze the causes and results of the Hundred Years' War.
4. Explain how the Holy Roman Empire was created and ruled.
5. Summarize how the Catholic monarchs united Spain.

Chapter 28 The Renaissance
1. Explain how the Renaissance began and flourished in the
Italian city-states.
2. Identify how France was influenced by the Italian Renaissance.
3. Describe how the Renaissance spread to Bermay and Flanders.
4. Discuss how the Roman Catholic Church and the government
influenced the Renaissance in Spain.
5. Summarize how the English monarch promoted the Renaissance
in England.

Chapter 29 The Reformation
1. Explain why Martin Luther's beliefs brought him into conflict
with the Roman Catholic Church.
2. Describe how Protestantism developed.
3. Identify how Catholic reformers worked to improve their Church.
4. Discuss how the reformation of the Church of England came about.
5. Explain why Europeans became involved in religious wars.
6. Sicuss how the Thirty Year's War affected Europe.

Chapter 30 The Age of Discovery
1. Identify why Europeans searched for ta direct sea route to India
and the Far East and what discoveries were made by
Portuguese explorers.
2. List what discoveries were made by explorers financed by Spain.
3. Discuss how the search for the northwest passage affected the
Americas.

Chapter 31 Expansion Into the Americas
1. Summarize the development and decline of Portugal's empire in
the Americas.
2. Discuss the establisment of Spain's colonial empire in the
Americas and its decline.
3. Describe the colonies established by the English in the Americas.
4. Discuss how the Dutch established colonies in the Americas.
5. Explain how and where the French established settlements in the
Americas.
6. Describe how empires in the Americas influenced Europe.

Chapter 32 Political Revolutions
1. Summarize how revolution in England began during the 1600s.
2. Identify what British policies led to the American Revolution of
the late 1700s.
3. Sescribe how the French Revolution came about in the late
1700s and what its results were.

Chapter 33 Rise of Industry
1. Summarize the inventions and discoveries that marked the
Scientific Revolution.
2. Explain what the Agricultural Revolution was and how ith
contributed to the Industrial Revolution.
3. Discuss the development of Industrial Revolution.
4. Describe what the effects of industrialization were.
5. Analyze how industrialization continued and spread.

Chapter 34 The Americas
1. Summarize the government in the United States, westward expansion in the United States during the 1800s, and the
causes of the Civil War in the United States.
2. Describe the independence movements in Latin America and
governments that were established in Latin America in
the late 1800s.

Chapter 35 Unrest in Europe
1. Discuss how Npoaeon influenced France and formed the
Grand Empire.
2. Describe how the Congress of Vienna established a balance of
power and brought peace to Europe, and analyze how liberals,
nationalists, and socialists led revolutions that threatened
the Congress System.
3. Examine what effects nationalism had on Italy, Germany, and
Austria.

Chapter 36 Rise of Imperialism
1. Specify causes of the move toward imperialism.
2. Discuss how Great Britain and other European powers established
colonies in Africa.
3. Describe how Asian countries were affected by imperialism.
4. Explain why the United States became involved in Latin America.
5. Summarize what the effects of imperialism were.

Chapter 37 Conflict and Change
1. Discuss the causes, events, and results of World War I.
2. Describe how communism developed in Russia.
3. Examine why Italy and Germany became dictatorships, and the
events and results of WWII.

Chapter 38 The Cold War Era
1. Describe how relationships between Western and Communist
powers have changed since World War II.
2. Explain what changes have occurred in the Soviet Union and
what life has been like in the People's Republic of China since
World War II.
3. Examine how countries in Africa, South Asia, and Latin America
are struggling with political and economic powers.

Chapter 39 The World Since 1989
1. Describe the events in Eastern Europe after the collapse of
communism in 1989, and how the former Soviet Union and
other European countries turned toward capitalism to
develop their economies.
2. Explain why tensions in other areas of the world developed
after the end of the cold war.
3. Examine the challenges the world faces in the year 2000 and
beyond.